Polarization aberrations in next-generation giant segmented mirror telescopes (GSMTs). I. Effect on the coronagraphic performance

Next-generation large segmented mirror telescopes are expected to perform direct imaging and characterization of Earth-like rocky planets, which requires contrast limits $10^{-7}$ $10^{-8}$ at wavelengths from I J band. One critical aspect affecting the raw on-sky polarization aberrations arising reflection telescope's surfaces instrument optics. We simulate estimate their effect on achievable for three next-generation ground-based telescopes. performed ray-tracing in Zemax computed Jones pupil maps using algorithm. The impact these is estimated by propagating through a set idealized coronagraphs hcipy, physical optics-based simulation framework. optical modeling giant (GSMTs) shows that create significant leakage coronagraphic system. dominant aberration retardance defocus, originates steep angles primary secondary mirrors. defocus $10^{-5}$ $10^{-4}$ 1 $\lambda/D$ visible wavelengths, $10^{-6}$ infrared wavelengths. simulations also show coating plays major role determining strength aberrations. Polarization will need be considered during design high-contrast instruments next generation extremely This can achieved either compensation optics, robust coronagraphs, specialized coatings, calibration, data analysis approaches or incorporating polarimetry with measure effects.